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Past perfect

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:20

We use the past perfect simple to talk about what happened before a point in the past. It looks back from a point in the past to further in the past.

I hadn't known the bad news when I spoke to him.
I checked with the supplier and they still hadn't received the contract.
She had already told him before I got a chance to give him my version.
The company has started the year well but was badly hit by the postal strike.

The past perfect simple is often used when we report what people had said/thought/believed.

He told me they had already paid the bill.
He said he believed that John had moved to Italy.
I thought we had already decided on a name for this product

ma •

حالا دببینید

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:19

بچه ها یکسری اطلاعات درباره ی اعداد و شیوه ی خواندن آنها

اینجا آورده ام

یاد گرفتنشون نیازه

اعداد را معمولا دو تا دو تا می خوانیم

مثل نوزده پنجاه یا هیجده شصت .....

The year is usually read two numbers at a time

1950 "nineteen fifty"
1983 "nineteen eighty-three"
اما استثناء هم وجود دارد
عدد صفر در تلفن و در اینجا استثناء اُ
O خوانده می شود
مثل ایتین اُ ناین

1809 "eighteen oh nine"
1900 "nineteen hundred"
2001 "two thousand and one"

شکل خواندن و نوشتن تاریخ و تقویم روزانه

شکل نوشتاریwritten form	spoken form شکل گفتاری
July 18 1999	UK July the eighteenth, nineteen ninety-nine US July eighteenth, nineteen ninety-nine
18 July 1999	the eighteenth of July, nineteen ninety-nine
18/07/99 or 18/7/99 or 18.7.99 (UK)	the eighteenth of the seventh, ninety-nine or eighteen, seven, ninety-nine
07/18/99 or 7/18/99 (US)	seven, eighteen, ninety nine

تذکر :

شکل انگلیسی

U K

United Kingdom

شکل آمریکا یی

U S

United states

sn •

سریع ترین راه های یادگیری زبان انگلیسی

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:15

هدف: نخست باید دانست برای چه هدفی قصد دارید انگلیسی بیاموزید. آیا صحبت کردن برایتان مهم است یا خواندن و فهمیدن متن. یک توصیه راهگشا برایتان دارم سعی کنید.

مکالمه حفظ کنید: در اگر در ابتدای راه هستید یک کتاب مکالمه خوب انتخاب کنید و دیالوگ های آن را حفظ کنید و با دوستان از حفط این مکالمه را تمرین کنید. بعد از مدتی پا را از حفظ بیرون بگزارید و با لغات خودتان آن متن را به دوستتان توضیح دهید و یا آنرا خلاصه کنید. همه چیز گرامر نیست. در ابتدای راه دنیایی از گرامرهای سنگین را در ذهنتان بدون اینکه مورد استفاده قرار دهید انباشته نکنید. اندک اندک به هر بخشی که نیاز پیدا کردید همان بخش را بیاموزید و در صحبتتان از آن استفاده کنید.

هیچگاه صرفاً به حفظ لغات نپردازید: حفظ لغت های انگلیسی کاری دشوار و بسیار فرار می باشد. سعی کنید در داخل متون، لغت ها را به خاطر بسپارید. در این صورت لغات ماندگاری بیشتری در ذهن شما خواهد داشت.

داستانهای ساده شده را بخوانید و هر سطحی که برای شما مناسب است انتخاب نمایید، خواندن داستان مناسب و در حفظ لغات در متن بسیار کمک می کند.

یک روش جدید: من از این روش استفاده کرده ام بسیار مفید بوده است.

لغات مشکل را با تلفظ صحیح در یک دفترچه بنویسید(Writing)

و سپس در یک نوار، هم لغات و هم ترجمه ی آنها را بخوانید(Reading)

و همان کلمات را گوش کنید.(Listening)

استفاده از این سه روش بسیار به شما کمک خواهد کرد.من با این روش هزاران لغت تافل را در عرض چند روز حفظ کردم بسیار اعجاب انگیز بود. در این روش هم می نویسید هم می خوانید و هم گوش می دهید.

خوب گوش دهید: برای اینکه بتوانید صحبت کنید باید خوب گوش کنید و اگر می خواهید خوب بنویسید باید نگاه کنید و هجی کلمات را به خاطر بسپارید. این یک اصل می باشد. بگذارید تجربه خودم را برایتان بگویم. در ادامه و تکمیل زبان آموزی من متنهای کوتاه از سی ان ان را گوش می دادم و حفظ می کردم و با تمرین آن تکه را سریع تر از نوار از حفظ ترار می کردم. این کار موجب می شد تا من اخبار انگلیسی را به راحتی متوجه بشوم.

همبحث: با یک دوست خوب و همراه شفیق، گام های دشوار آسان می شود و طی مسیر برای انسان شیرین می گردد مخصوصا هنگام آموختن زبان انگلیسی. من در مسیر زبان آموزی دوستی پیدا کردم که هم سطح خودم، قصد زبان آموزی داشت با هم متن ها را حفظ می کردیم و آنها را از حفظ برای هم می خواندیم و گاهی پراگراف به پراگراف برای هم تشریح می کردیم یا خلاصه می کردیم به سرعت دیدم که جز بهترین دانش آموختگان شدم.

هر روز در گیر زبان انگلیسی باشید: هر روز زبان کار کنید. هفته ای یک جلسه آنهم برای کسی در ابتدای راه قرار دارد بی فاییده است. هر روز ، به مدت چند ماه، انگلیسی کار کنید تا وقتی که دز مسیر واقعی یاد گیری نیفتاده اید. این میزان وقت را کم نکنید.

zs •

متن های زیبای انگلیسی باترجمه ی فارسی

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:08

Dream what you want to dream
Go where you want to go
Be what you want to be
Because you have only one life
And one chance to do all the things
You want to do
هر چه میخواهی آرزو كن
هر جایی كه میخواهی برو
هر آنچه كه میخواهی باش
چون فقط یك بار زندگی می كنی

May you have enough happiness to make you sweet
Enough trials to make you strong
Enough sorrow to keep you human and
Enough hope to make you happy
خوب است كه آنقدر شادی داشته باشی كه دوست داشتنی باشی
آنقدر ورزش كنی كه نیرومند باشی
آنقدر غم داشته باشی كه انسان باقی بمانی
و آنقدر امید داشته باشی كه شادمان باشی

The happiest of people don't necessarily
Have the best of everything
They just make the most of
Everything that comes along their way
شاد ترین مردم لزوماً
بهترین چیزها را ندارند
بلكه بهترین استفاده را می كنند
از هر چه سر راهشان قرار میگیرد

Continue

zs •

Past simple or continuous

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:07

Both the past simple and the past continuous refer to completed actions in the past.

Most of the time when we are talking about such actions, we use the past simple. This is by far the most common way of talking about the past.

I lived there for 6 years.
I only found out a few moments ago.
I asked her but she didn't know anything.
The company made 100 people redundant last year.

Only use the past continuous when you want to emphasize the continuity of the action.

Everybody was talking about it all evening.
They were really trying hard but couldn't do it.
I was thinking about you the other day.
Were you expecting that to happen?

When we use these two forms in the same sentence, we use the past continuous to talk about the "background action" and the past simple to talk about the shorter completed action.

It was raining hard when we left the building.
I was reading the report when you rang.
He was going out to lunch when I saw him.
The company was doing well when I last visited it.

ma •

Past continuous

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:06

We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.

We can use it to talk about a specific point in time.
We use the past continuous to talk about past events which went on for a period of time.

We use it when we want to emphasize the continuing process of an activity or the period of that activity. (If we just want to talk about the past event as a simple fact, we use the past simple.)

While I was driving home, Peter was trying desperately to contact me.

Were you expecting any visitors?

Sorry, were you sleeping?

I was just making some coffee.

I was thinking about him last night.

In the 1990s few people were using mobile phones.

We often use it to describe a "background action" when something else happened.

I was walking in the street when I suddenly fell over.

She was talking to me on the phone and it suddenly went dead.

They were still waiting for the plane when I spoke to them.

The company was declining rapidly before he took charge.

We were just talking about it before you arrived.

I was making a presentation in front of 500 people when the microphone stopped working.

ma •

Past simple

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:05

We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.

We can use it to talk about a specific point in time.

She came back last Friday.
I saw her in the street.
They didn't agree to the deal.

It can also be used to talk about a period of time.

She lived in Tokyo for seven years.
They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last week.
When I was living in New York, I went to all the art exhibitions I could.

You will often find the past simple used with time expressions such as these:

Yesterday
three weeks ago
last year
in 2002
from March to June
for a long time
for 6 weeks
in the 1980s
in the last century
in the past

ma •

Present simple or continuous

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:04

The Present Simple is used for:

regular actions or events
He plays tennis most weekends.

facts
The sun rises in the east.

facts known about the future
We leave at 8.30 next Monday

thoughts and feelings about the time of speaking
I don't feel very well.

The Present Continuous is used for:

the time of speaking ('now')
Shh, I'm trying to hear what they are saying .

things which are true at the moment but not always
We're looking for a new flat.

present plans for the future
We're having dinner with them next week .

Look at these examples :

I don't usually have cereals for breakfast but I'm having some this morning because there is nothing else.

I often cycle to work but I'm taking the car this morning because it's raining very hard.

I'm thinking about having my hair cut short but I don't think my husband will be very happy about it.

My parents live in Washington but I'm just visiting.

Note how, in all these examples, we use the present continuous to talk about events which are temporary/limited in time and the present simple to talk about events which are habits/permanent

ma •

English Grammar Secrets

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:03

Present simple

We use the present simple to talk about actions we see as long term or permanent. It is a very common and very important tense.

Here, we are talking about regular actions or events.

They drive to the office every day.

She doesn't come here very often.

The news usually starts at 6.00 every evening.

Do you usually have bacon and eggs for breakfast?

Here, we are talking about facts.

We have two children.

Water freezes at 0° C or 32° F.

What does this expression mean?

The Thames flows through London.

Here, we are talking about future facts, usually found in a timetable or a chart.

Christmas Day falls on a Monday this year.

The plane leaves at 5.00 tomorrow morning.

Ramadan doesn't start for another 3 weeks.

Does the class begin at 10 or 11 this week?

Here, we are talking about our thoughts and feelings at the time of speaking. Although these feelings can be short-term, we use the present simple and not the present continuous.

They don't ever agree with us.

I think you are right.

She doesn't want you to do it.

Do you understand what I am trying to say

ma •

Present continuous

شنبه 12 اسفند 1391 • 12:01

The present continuous is used to talk about present situations which we see as short-term or temporary. We use the present simple to talk about present situations which we see as long-term or permanent.

In these examples, the action is taking place at the time of speaking.

It's raining.

Who is Kate talking to on the phone?

Look, somebody is trying to steal that man's wallet.

I'm not looking. My eyes are closed tightly.

In these examples, the action is true at the present time but we don't think it will be true in the long term.

I'm looking for a new apartment.

He's thinking about leaving his job.

They're considering making an appeal against the judgment.

Are you getting enough sleep?

In these examples, the action is at a definite point in the future and it has already been arranged.

I'm meeting her at 6.30.

They aren't arriving until Tuesday.

We are having a special dinner at a top restaurant for all the senior managers.

Isn't he coming to the dinner?

ma •

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